The Basic Kalaam Argument

1. Whatever has a beginning has a cause of its existence. (Premise)
2. The physical cosmos (=the sum total of all physical reality) has a beginning. (Premise)
3. So, the physical cosmos has a cause of its existence. (By 1 and 2)
4. The cause of the physical cosmos is not physical (on pain of circularity). (Premise)
5. So, the physical cosmos has a non-physical cause. (By 3 and 4)

The Physics Argument for 2

1. According to our best science, the physical cosmos has a beginning. (Premise)
2. What our best science says is likely true. (Premise)
3. So, it’s likely that the physical cosmos has a beginning. (By a and b)

The Finitism Argument for 2

1. There cannot be an infinite number of items. (Premise)
2. If the physical cosmos has no beginning, there are infinitely many past days. (Premise)
3. So, the physical cosmos has a beginning.

The Causal Finitism Argument for 2

1. If an infinite past is possible, then it’s possible to have an infinite causal history.
2. An infinite causal history is impossible.
3. So, an infinite past is impossible.